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From: TSS ()
Authors Richt, Juergen Technical Abstract: Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy of cattle, first detected in 1986 in the U.K. and subsequently in other countries. BSE may have arisen either from the infectious agent scrapie, which causes a similar disease in sheep and goats, or from a germline mutation in the protein-coding region of the prion protein (PrP) gene of affected cattle. Here, we report on the prion protein polypeptide profile and genotype from the first identified case of BSE in the State of Washington in the United States. The six-year old Holstein cow was nonambulatory at slaughter and the formalin-fixed obex area of the brainstem was found to contain spongiform changes and vacuolated neurons by histopathology and the abnormal form of the prion protein, PrPBSE, by immunohistochemistry. Species determination was made on the formalin-fixed tissue. Extensive PrPBSE deposition in the obex was confirmed by Western blot analyses and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using brainstem and cerebellum derived from fresh tissue from the suspect animal. The PrPBSE polypeptide profile from the U.S. BSE case was characterized by (i) a lower molecular mass of the unglycosylated PrPBSE polypeptide fragment compared to samples from sheep with scrapie and deer with chronic wasting disease, (ii) good immunoreactivity with monoclonal antibody 6H4 directed against the central region of the PrP, but a lack of staining with monoclonal antibody P4, which recognizes the protease-resistant N-terminal end of the PrP; and (iii) a glycoform profile with a high proportion of the diglycosylated PrPBSE isoform. Comparison of the U.S. BSE isolate to the recent Canadian and European BSE isolates revealed similar sized PrPBSE polypeptide fragments using anti-PrP antibody 6H4. The PrP gene from the U.S. BSE case was amplified from both, fresh and formalin-fixed brain material and found to be of bovine origin with a normal, rather unremarkable cattle PrP sequence. This cow had a synonymous polymorphism at codon 192, and both alleles contained the six-copy octapeptide repeat region. We conclude from these studies that (i) the PrPBSE profile from the first U.S. BSE case showed similar molecular properties to the typical PrPBSE pattern described for the Canadian and European BSE isolates, and (ii) a germline mutation in the bovine PrP gene is not likely the etiological cause in this case. This information is consistent with the hypothesis that the U.S. BSE case - similar to the one in Canada - was most likely exposed to contaminated feed. >>>Comparison of the U.S. BSE isolate to the recent Canadian and European BSE isolates revealed similar sized PrPBSE polypeptide fragments using anti-PrP antibody 6H4.<<< ALSO i am curious again about suspect rabies cases that test negative. HOW many of those rabies suspect ''negative'' cases Subject: U.S. Emergency Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Response Plan snip... NVSL also examines snip... WHERE are those records for the last 10 to 15 years?...TSS snip... If additional tests do suggest a presumptive diagnosis of BSE, an NVSL snip... NOT anymore, Johanns et al have now got the FONG SYNDROME...TSS snip... Prelimanary Notification The director of NVSL is responsible for immediately notifying the APHIS, snip... WELL, except in TEXAS, home where we send some suspect mad cows straight to the render without any testing at all, home where other cows that test postive, time and time again, where these same postive cows takes 7+ months to get to the public domain, home also where we feed our TEXAS MAD COWS 5.5 grams of suspect ruminant feed, and the FDA says it's O.K....TSS snip...END BSE Red Book 2.1-26 1998 5.0 Response to Disease Outbreak snip... A quarantine zone or buffer zone is not necessary in case of a BSE snip... BSE Red Book 2.1-39 7.6 Depopulation Procedures 7.6.1 Factors and Considerations snip... October 1998 BSE Red Book 2.1-40 7.7 Disposal snip... FAST FORWARD TEXAS 2004 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Statement on Texas Cow With Central Nervous System Symptoms FDA, which is responsible for the safety of animal feed, immediately began an investigation. On Friday and throughout the weekend, FDA investigators inspected the slaughterhouse, the rendering facility, the farm where the animal came from, and the processor that initially received the cow from the slaughterhouse. FDA's investigation showed that the animal in question had already been rendered into "meat and bone meal" (a type of protein animal feed). Over the weekend FDA was able to track down all the implicated material. That material is being held by the firm, which is cooperating fully with FDA. Cattle with central nervous system symptoms are of particular interest because cattle with bovine spongiform encephalopathy or BSE, also known as "mad cow disease," can exhibit such symptoms. In this case, there is no way now to test for BSE. But even if the cow had BSE, FDA's animal feed rule would prohibit the feeding of its rendered protein to other ruminant animals (e.g., cows, goats, sheep, bison). FDA is sending a letter to the firm summarizing its findings and informing the firm that FDA will not object to use of this material in swine feed only. If it is not used in swine feed, this material will be destroyed. Pigs have been shown not to be susceptible to BSE. If the firm agrees to use the material for swine feed only, FDA will track the material all the way through the supply chain from the processor to the farm to ensure that the feed is properly monitored and used only as feed for pigs. To protect the U.S. against BSE, FDA works to keep certain mammalian protein out of animal feed for cattle and other ruminant animals. FDA established its animal feed rule in 1997 after the BSE epidemic in the U.K. showed that the disease spreads by feeding infected ruminant protein to cattle. Under the current regulation, the material from this Texas cow is not allowed in feed for cattle or other ruminant animals. FDA's action specifying that the material go only into swine feed means also that it will not be fed to poultry. FDA is committed to protecting the U.S. from BSE and collaborates closely with the U.S. Department of Agriculture on all BSE issues. The animal feed rule provides crucial protection against the spread of BSE, but it is only one of several such firewalls. FDA will soon be improving the animal feed rule, to make this strong system even stronger. #### http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/news/2004/NEW01061.html BACK TO 1998 BSE RED BOOK 7.10.113 Producer Defense---The most effective way to prevent an snip... FAST FORWARD JUNE 2005 From: TSS () Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service Minneapolis District Office WARNING LETTER CERTIFIED MAIL Refer to MIN 05-15 Michael J. Langenhorst Dear Mr. Langenhorst: Our inspection of your rendering plant located at 505 Hardman Avenue South, South St. Paul, Minnesota, from January 12-20, 2005, revealed significant deviations from the requirements set forth in Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations , Part 589 .2000 (21 CFR 589 .2000), Animal Proteins Prohibited in Ruminant Feed. This regulation is intended to prevent the establishment and amplification of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE). Because you failed to follow the requirements of this regulation, products being manufactured and distributed by your facility are adulterated within the meaning of Section 402(a)(4) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the Act) [21 U.S.C. 342(a)(4)], and misbranded within the meaning of Section 403(a)(1) of the Act [21 U.S.C. 343(a)(1)]. Our investigation found that you failed to provide for measures to prevent commingling or cross-contamination and to maintain sufficient written procedures [21 CFR 589.2000(e)] in that: 1. You failed to use clean-out procedures or other means adequate to prevent carryover of protein derived from mammalian tissues into feeds that may be used for ruminants. 2. You failed to maintain written procedures specifying the clean-out procedures or other means to prevent carryover of protein derived from mammalian tissues into feeds that may be used for ruminants. Our investigation also found that you failed to label products that may contain protein derived from mammalian tissues with the statement, "Do not feed to cattle or other ruminants." For example, your Feather Meal and Stabilized Poultry By-Product Meal lack this statement, even though the absence of sufficient measures to avoid commingling or cross-contamination may result in these products containing protein derived from mammalian tissues. Because your products do not bear this caution statement, they are misbranded under Section 403(a)(1) of the Act [21 U.S .C. 343(a)(1)). The above is not intended as an all-inclusive list of violations. As a manufacturer of materials intended for animal feed use, you are responsible for ensuring that your overall operation and the products you manufacture and distribute are in compliance with the law. You should acknowledge this letter within 15 working days of receiving and include any additional corrective actions concerning your facility. We have received your letter dated January 31, 2005, which replies to the Form FDA-483 issued on January 20, 2005, and your letter dated February 25, 2005, that states all corrections have been implemented. The corrections you have reported appear to be adequate but will be evaluated further during our follow-up inspection. Your response should be directed to Compliance Officer Jane E . Nelson at the address on the letterhead. If you have any questions regarding this letter, you may phone Ms. Nelson at (612) 758-7119. Sincerely, /S/ W. Charles Becoat snip...back to BSE RED BOOK 1998 7.11 Records Maintenance in a Foreign Animal Disease Outbreak The APHIS FEDS will be used by the READEO to record information. FEDS a October 1998 BSE Red book 2.1-45 programs, and it may be important if there is litigation. A diary will snip... FAST FORWARD JULY 2005 FONG SYNDROME STRIKES USA Testing options are limited in this case. Because the farm was remote, the private veterinarian who removed the brain sample used a substance to preserve the tissue. That means that only one type of testing, immunohistochemistry, or IHC, can be done. The animal died in April, but the veterinarian forgot to send the sample to USDA until this month, Mr. Clifford said. "While that time lag is not optimal, it has no implications in terms of the risk to human health," he said. snip... BSE RED BOOK 1998 7.11.1 Daily Reporls *Maps showing premises where BSE-infected animals were found; snip... FAST FORWARD 2005 ON THE TEXAS MAD COWS COVER-UP ; >>>DEFRA's Matthew said that USDA's different results from its BSE tests may We have to be careful that we don't get so set in the way we do things that Dr. Detwiler: That's on the slaughter. But on the clinical cases, aren't Dr. Keller: Tissues are routinely tested, based on which tissue provides an Dr. Detwiler: That's on the slaughter. But on the clinical cases, aren't BSE RED BOOK 1998 7.11.2 Distribution will inform all APHIS headquarters units through normal reporting 7.11.3 Disposition i think the media is not doing there job by not using any means necessary to find the location of the 2nd confirmed mad cow in TEXAS and the 3 suspect cow now. by the USDA refusing to give the exact location to the public, only further supports a cover-up in the USA of mad cow diseases of all strains... TSS
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