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From: TSS ()
PRODUCT ### http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2007/ENF00989.html seems to me the BBM i.e. bovine blood meal would be more of a risk factor for bovine TSE i.e. BASE OR BSE or any other strain, than the MBM i.e. meat and bone meal. considering the recent 4th documented case of transfusion related vCJD, i still think it is absolutely asinine to continue to use bovine blood in feed for any species. i wonder if it's still being used in pet foods??? course, we don't have mad cats FSE here in the USA either ;-) INEDIBLE RAW BLOOD, BLOOD MEAL, ADHESIVE FOR LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY FEED, PETFOOD, FERTILIZER, GLUES, FOAM FIRE EXTINGUISHERS http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1991/05/29008001.pdf http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/ws/s168.pdf Legislative changes and developments in the process post-BSE http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/ws/s168.pdf 8.47 In February 1989, the report of the Southwood Working Party stated that domestic pets could be susceptible to BSE, if the agent were to reach them 'in an adequate dose by an appropriate route'. However, the report also suggested that pets such as cats and dogs might not be able to acquire the infection orally and that the high temperatures used in the canning process might have destroyed any infectious agent present. http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/ib/ibd1/tab02.pdf 8.48 By March 1989, it was reported that most companies manufacturing pet food were 'avoiding UK cattle nerve tissue, spleen and brains' in favour of sheep or poultry meat. http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/report/volume13/chaptef3.htm#243064 18 January 2007 - Draft minutes of the SEAC 95 meeting (426 KB) held on 7 snip... ITEM 9 - ANY OTHER BUSINESS snip... http://www.seac.gov.uk/minutes/95.pdf http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/ws/s168.pdf Other work presented suggested that BSE and bovine amyloidotic spongiform snip... http://www.seac.gov.uk/minutes/95.pdf Models Qingzhong Kong, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Pathology, Case Western Reserve Bovine Amyloid Spongiform Encephalopathy (BASE) is an atypical BSE strain ***These results indicate that BASE is transmissible to humans and suggest that BASE is more virulent than 3.2.6 The Possibility That BSE-Infected Cattle Carry Infectivity in Their Blood The base case assumes that cattle infected with BSE do not carry infectivity in their blood (although emboli formation may result in blood contamination). We consider the possibility that 0.016% of the infectivity in an animal with BSE is carried in the blood, a value that is consistent with the assumption that its concentration is at the level of detection in an animal with a fullblown case of BSE (SSC, 2000a). snip... 3.3.3 Domestic Scrapie The transmission of scrapie from sheep to cattle is one of the primary hypotheses for the origin of BSE (Horn et al., 2001). Moreover, scrapie is present in the United States. Although no North American strain of scrapie has been successfully transmitted to cattle exposed orally to the agent (Cutlip et al., 2001), we evaluate the impact of assuming that such transmission is possible. In particular, if such transmission is possible, we estimate that the rendering of scrapieinfected sheep could expose the U.S. cattle population to 1 cattle oral ID50 in feed each month. The derivation of this estimate is based on the assumption that the number of cattle oral ID50s administered to cattle is equal to the product of 1) the number of scrapie-infected sheep rendered each year, 2) the number of sheep oral ID50s per infected animal, 3) the inverse of the cattle-sheep species barrier, and 4) the proportion of infectivity sent to rendering that survives rendering and is ultimately administered to cattle. Date: Sun, 30 Jan 2000 16:28:52 -0600 From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr." Reply-To: Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease To: CJD-L@uni-karlsruhe.de ############ Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease ############# Greetings list members, I have tried to send this message to the experts on the BSE-List, but it seems to be down. So I thought I would just pass it through this list, as to most of the experts on this list as well. Thank You, I would like to ask this question please; What would the risk of B.S.E. be, if any, if the following risk factors were to have occurred? Lets say in the state of Texas, where there have been several undocumented clusters of CJD, and one documented cluster of CJD victims. Lets say that this state is in a category of the 'highest' risk of B.S.E., due to the risk categories based on Scrapie reported and the ratio of Dairy Concentrates Fed to Sheep MBM Produced. *The ratio is inversely related to potential risk, i.e. (F.) is highest risk **Meat and bone meal from sheep > 1 year. Texas Risk category -- [1.] Highest Risk Level [1.] Analysis = Scrapie is reported in the same or adjacent counties as milk cows having a ratio less than 999. Texas Number of Ewes - (A.) 1,321,967 Number of Flocks - (B.) 6,714 'Scrapie' infected Flocks - (C.) 10 Incidence per 100 Flocks - (D.) 0.15 Incidence per 10K Ewes - (E.) 0.08 Number of Cows with Ratio* 20-99 (F.) 4,153 100-999 (G.) 2,572 1,000-9,999 (H.) 36,972 Milk Cow Inventory (I.) 356,538 F+G+H/I Percent (J.) 12.3 Thank You, Terry S. Singeltary Sr., Bacliff, Texas USA ############ http://mailhost.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de/warc/cjd-l.html ############ TEJAS MAD COW, THE ONE THAT GOT AWAY FDA, which is responsible for the safety of animal feed, immediately began an investigation. On Friday and throughout the weekend, FDA investigators inspected the slaughterhouse, the rendering facility, the farm where the animal came from, and the processor that initially received the cow from the slaughterhouse. FDA's investigation showed that the animal in question had already been rendered into "meat and bone meal" (a type of protein animal feed). Over the weekend FDA was able to track down all the implicated material. That material is being held by the firm, which is cooperating fully with FDA. Cattle with central nervous system symptoms are of particular interest because cattle with bovine spongiform encephalopathy or BSE, also known as "mad cow disease," can exhibit such symptoms. In this case, there is no way now to test for BSE. But even if the cow had BSE, FDA's animal feed rule would prohibit the feeding of its rendered protein to other ruminant animals (e.g., cows, goats, sheep, bison). FDA is sending a letter to the firm summarizing its findings and informing the firm that FDA will not object to use of this material in swine feed only. If it is not used in swine feed, this material will be destroyed. Pigs have been shown not to be susceptible to BSE. If the firm agrees to use the material for swine feed only, FDA will track the material all the way through the supply chain from the processor to the farm to ensure that the feed is properly monitored and used only as feed for pigs. To protect the U.S. against BSE, FDA works to keep certain mammalian protein out of animal feed for cattle and other ruminant animals. FDA established its animal feed rule in 1997 after the BSE epidemic in the U.K. showed that the disease spreads by feeding infected ruminant protein to cattle. Under the current regulation, the material from this Texas cow is not allowed in feed for cattle or other ruminant animals. FDA's action specifying that the material go only into swine feed means also that it will not be fed to poultry. FDA is committed to protecting the U.S. from BSE and collaborates closely with the U.S. Department of Agriculture on all BSE issues. The animal feed rule provides crucial protection against the spread of BSE, but it is only one of several such firewalls. FDA will soon be improving the animal feed rule, to make this strong system even stronger. #### http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/news/2004/NEW01061.html TSS REPORT ON 2ND TEJAS MAD COW Mon, 22 Nov 2004 17:12:15 -0600 (the one Aug 30, 2005 USDA Texas BSE Investigation—Final Epidemiology Report TSS REPORT ON 2ND TEJAS MAD COW Mon, 22 Nov 2004 17:12:15 -0600 (the one Texas single beef cow not born in Canada no beef entered the food chain? and i see the TEXAS department of animal health is ramping up forsomething, ============================== THEN, 7+ MONTHS OF COVER-UP BY JOHANN ET AL! no doubt about it now $$$ with kindest regards, I am still sincerely disgusted and tired in sunny Bacliff, Texas USA 77518 Terry S. Singeltary Sr. 12/10/76 snip... A The Present Position with respect to Scrapie Scrapie is a natural disease of sheep and goats. It is a slow The field problem has been reviewed by a MAFF working group It is clear that scrapie in sheep is important commercially and Recently the question has again been brought up as to whether Whether true or not. the hypothesis that these agents might be snip... 76/10.12/4.6 http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1976/10/12004001.pdf REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON SCRAPIE Chair: Dr. Jim Logan, Cheyenne, WY Vice Chair: Dr. Joe D. Ross, Sonora, TX Dr. Deborah L. Brennan, MS; Dr. Beth Carlson, ND; Dr. John R. Clifford, DC; Dr. Thomas F. Conner, OH; Dr. Walter E. Cook, WY; Dr. Wayne E. Cunningham, CO; Dr. Jerry W. Diemer, TX; Dr. Anita J. Edmondson, CA; Dr. Dee Ellis, TX; Dr. Lisa A. Ferguson, MD; Dr. Keith R. Forbes, NY; Dr. R. David Glauer, OH; Dr. James R. Grady, CO; Dr. William L. Hartmann, MN; Dr. Carolyn Inch, CAN; Dr. Susan J. Keller, ND; Dr. Allen M. Knowles, TN; Dr. Thomas F. Linfield, MT; Dr. Michael R. Marshall, UT; Dr. Cheryl A. Miller, In; Dr. Brian V. Noland, CO; Dr. Charles Palmer, CA; Dr. Kristine R. Petrini, MN; Mr. Stan Potratz, IA; Mr. Paul E. Rodgers, CO; Dr. Joan D. Rowe, CA; Dr. Pamela L. Smith, IA; Dr. Diane L. Sutton, MD; Dr. Lynn Anne Tesar, SD; Dr. Delwin D. Wilmot, NE; Dr. Nora E. Wineland, CO; Dr. Cindy B. Wolf, MN. The Committee met on November 9, 2005, from 8:00am until 11:55am, Hershey Lodge and Convention Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania. The meeting was called to order by Dr. Jim Logan, chair, with vice chairman Dr. Joe D. Ross attending. There were 74 people in attendance. The Scrapie Program Update was provided by Dr. Diane Sutton, National Scrapie Program Coordinator, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services (APHIS), Veterinary Services (VS). The complete text of the Status Report is included in these Proceedings. Dr. Patricia Meinhardt, USDA-APHIS-VS-National Veterinary Services Laboratory (NVSL) gave the Update on Genotyping Labs and Discrepancies in Results. NVSL conducts investigations into discrepancies on genotype testing results associated with the Scrapie Eradication Program. It is the policy of the Program to conduct a second genotype test at a second laboratory on certain individual animals. Occasionally, there are discrepancies in those results. The NVSL conducts follow-up on these situations through additional testing on additional samples from the field and archive samples from the testing laboratories. For the period of time from January 1, 2005, until October 15, 2005, there were 23 instances of discrepancies in results from 35 flocks. Of those 23 instances, 14 were caused by laboratory error (paperwork or sample mix-up), 3 results from field error, 5 were not completely resolved, and 1 originated from the use of a non-approved laboratory for the first test. As a result of inconsistencies, one laboratory’s certification was revoked by APHIS-VS. ...... snip....... Infected and Source Flocks As of September 30, 2005, there were 105 scrapie infected and source flocks. There were a total of 165** new infected and source flocks reported for FY 2005. The total infected and source flocks that have been released in FY 2005 was 128. The ratio of infected and source flocks cleaned up or placed on clean up plans vs. new infected and source flocks discovered in FY 2005 was 1.03 : 1*. In addition 622 scrapie cases were confirmed and reported by the National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL) in FY 2005, of which 130 were RSSS cases. Fifteen cases of scrapie in goats have been reported since 1990. The last goat case was reported in May 2005. Approximately 5,626 animals were indemnified comprised of 49% non-registered sheep, 45% registered sheep, 1.4% non-registered goats and 4.6% registered goats. Regulatory Scrapie Slaughter Surveillance (RSSS) RSSS was designed to utilize the findings of the Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health (CEAH) Scrapie: Ovine Slaughter Surveillance (SOSS) study. The results of SOSS can be found at http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/ceah/cahm/Sheep/sheep.htm . RSSS started April 1, 2003. It is a targeted slaughter surveillance program which is designed to identify infected flocks for clean-up. During FY 2005 collections increased by 32% overall and by 90% for black and mottled faced sheep improving overall program effectiveness and efficiency as demonstrated by the 26% decrease in percent positive black faced sheep compared to FY 2004. Samples have been collected from 62,864 sheep since April 1, 2003, of which results have been reported for 59,105 of which 209 were confirmed positive. During FY 2005, 33,137 samples were collected from 81 plants. There have been 130 NVSL confirmed positive cases (30 collected in FY 2004 and confirmed in FY 2005 and 100 collected and confirmed in FY 2005) in FY 2005. Face colors of these positives were 114 black, 14 mottled, 1 white and 1 unknown. The percent positive by face color is shown in the chart below. Scrapie Testing In FY 2005, 35,845 animals have been tested for scrapie: 30,192 RSSS; 4,742 regulatory field cases; 772 regulatory third eyelid biopsies; 10 third eyelid validations; and 129 necropsy validations (chart 9). Animal ID As of October 04, 2005, 103,580 sheep and goat premises have been assigned identification numbers in the Scrapie National Generic Database. Official eartags have been issued to 73,807 of these premises. *This number based on an adjusted 12 month interval to accommodate the 60 day period for setting up flock plans. http://www.usaha.org/committees/reports/2005/report-scr-2005.pdf Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in Northeast Texas, J.A. Rawlings,*1 K.A. http://www.jifsan.umd.edu/tse/Rawlings.htm what i considered a cluster of CJD victims in southeast Texas, 18 January 2007 - Draft minutes of the SEAC 95 meeting (426 KB) held on 7 snip... Other work presented suggested that BSE and bovine amyloidotic spongiform snip... http://www.seac.gov.uk/minutes/95.pdf Models Qingzhong Kong, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Pathology, Case Western Reserve Bovine Amyloid Spongiform Encephalopathy (BASE) is an atypical BSE strain ***These results indicate that BASE is transmissible to humans and suggest that BASE is more virulent than There is a growing number of human CJD cases, and they were presented last He estimates that it may be up to 14 or 15 persons which display selectively round and round we go, where we stop, nobody knows, GW knows thow, him and the OIE, they know it goes round and round i.e. BSE MRR policy. what goes around, comes around. and it will not be pretty. ... p.s. STATEMENT snip... Yesterday, Department Secretary Tommy Thompson and FDA Commissioner Mark McClellan announced several additional public health measures to further strengthen the current robust safeguards that help protect Americans from exposure to the agent that causes BSE and help prevent the spread of BSE in U.S. cattle. These measures relate to both protections for foods intended for human consumption as well as additional measures to strengthen FDA’s 1997 final rule regulating animal feed. With respect to human foods, FDA announced that it will extend to FDA-regulated foods, dietary supplements and cosmetics, restrictions on using specified risk materials that would complement the recent USDA announcements. Concerning animal feed, the Agency announced a series of measures designed to lower even further the risk that cattle will be purposefully or inadvertently fed “ruminant” proteins, including, eliminating an exemption in the feed rule that allows mammalian blood and blood products at slaughter to be fed to ruminants as a protein source; banning the use of “poultry litter” as a feed ingredient for cattle and other ruminants; prohibiting the use of “plate waste” as a feed ingredient for ruminants, including cattle; and taking steps to further minimize the possibility of cross-contamination of animal feed via equipment, facilities or production lines. snip... http://www.fda.gov/ola/2004/bse0127.html were still waiting lester. ....... Date: January 18, 2007 at 8:32 am PST Editorial team (eurosurveillance.weekly@hpa.org.uk), Eurosurveillance A suspected case of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) has recently A second case of vCJD 'infection' was identified a few months later in a A third case developed symptoms of vCJD six years after receiving a These three cases have been published as case reports and in the findings of The new, fourth case is in a patient who developed symptoms of vCJD eight All four cases had received transfusions of non-leucodepleted red blood This fourth case of vCJD infection associated with blood transfusion further This article has been adapted from reference 1 http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ew/2007/070118.asp#4
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