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From: TSS ()
Draft written comments of the Community on on the OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Code Commission meeting October 2006 prior to the next Code Commission meeting March 2007 for consideration in the 75th General Session to be held in May 2007 10. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy a) Risk assessment recommendations (Appendix 3.8.5.) Among a substantial number of comments suggesting modifications and better linkage to Chapter 2.3.13., the Terrestrial Code Commission recognised it should first address a comment from New Zealand requesting clarification of the purpose of EN 11 EN this Appendix in relation to a set of guidelines titled “BSE Questionnaire for country status recognition” prepared by the Scientific Commission. The OIE has agreed to conduct procedures to recognise the BSE status of Member Countries. In view of this, the Terrestrial Code Commission was of the opinion that Appendix 3.8.5. on factors to consider in conducting BSE risk assessment should be incorporated, without further review by the Terrestrial Code Commission, into the documents used for the official OIE categorisation of Member Countries. Once such guidelines become available to Member Countries on the OIE website or otherwise, the Terrestrial Code Commission will propose to Member Countries that current Appendix 3.8.5. be dropped from the Terrestrial Code. It was agreed that any detailed and very prescriptive documents should not be part of the Terrestrial Code. b) Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (Chapter 2.3.13.) Community comments: The Community welcomes the work done by the Code Commission but strongly opposes to the modification made related to the production of gelatine and ask the OIE Code Commission to reconsider its position prior to the General Session in May 2007. In addition the Community would welcome the OIE Code Commission to consider the other comments made on the Chapter 2.3.13. of the Terrestrial Animal Health Code. Some Member Countries requested clarification of the term “imported” appearing in Article 2.3.13.2. point a) Release assessment. The Terrestrial Code Commission was of the view that this should be addressed in Chapter 1.3.5. as it is a general consideration in implementation of zone and compartment. The Terrestrial Code Commission examined outstanding concerns raised by the EU and Japan regarding the risk of potentially infected animals present in the age cohorts born before the risk management measures were enforced. As a result, Articles 2.3.13.6., 2.3.13.7. and 2.3.13.12. were modified. The Terrestrial Code Commission was informed by the EU that an article from French scientists (D. Calavas, V. Supervie, E. Morignat, D. Costagliola & C. Ducrot) has been accepted for publication in the Journal on Risk Analysis and will be published very soon. This document will provide the scientific rationale for changes made to the compliance period (i.e. the period of 7 years from the reporting of the case changed to 11 years from the birth of the case - Article 2.3.13.3. paragraph 3 b). A Member Country requested to exclude the transverse processes of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae and the wings of the sacrum from the definition of the vertebral column in point 2 of Article 2.3.13.13. The Terrestrial Code Commission did not adopt this recommendation because it doubted if the proposed definitions would be universally practicable or enforceable. EN 12 EN The Terrestrial Code Commission examined comments from a Member Country regarding the safety of gelatine irrespective of the origin of source material due to the safety of the production process. Based on the supporting document and a risk assessment recently published by the New Zealand Food Safety Authority (NZFSA, 2005, Wellington) and entitled “Officials’ Review of New Zealand’s BSE Country- Categorisation Measure” (http://www.nzfsa.govt.nz/imported-food/bsecategorisation/ report/index.htm), the Terrestrial Code Commission decided to revise Article 2.3.13.14. to allow all cattle bones to be used as a source material for the production of gelatine, provided the cattle have passed ante-mortem and post-mortem inspections. The revised chapter, which is presented at Appendix IX, is circulated among Member Countries for comment. c) Surveillance for bovine spongiform encephalopathy (Appendix 3.8.4.) The Terrestrial Code Commission examined comments received from Member Countries on this Appendix. Noting that some questions remain on the usage of the full BSurvE model instead of Appendix 3.8.4., the Terrestrial Code Commission version of the BSurvE model so that it would be easily applicable to any Member Country. However, the Terrestrial Code Commission does not see any problem in a Member Country choosing to use the full BSurvE model to estimate its BSE presence/prevalence. The reason why Appendix 3.8.4. does not make any reference to the BSurvE model as an alternative method is that the concept of equivalence underpins all chapters of the Terrestrial Code. The Terrestrial Code Commission did not adopt country recommendations to modify descriptions of cattle sub-populations, as those used in the Appendix are consistent with commonly used terminology. The Terrestrial Code Commission did not adopt a request to expand Table 1 (Appendix 3.8.4.) to provide a more detailed breakdown of cattle sub-populations because it considered that additional detail and complexity would not be helpful. Member Countries wishing to apply a more expanded version for BSE surveillance can use the BSurvE model. d) Supporting document The Terrestrial Code Commission received a fully revised supporting document on BSE prepared by a group of experts. The document was commissioned to provide supporting scientific evidence for recent changes made to the chapter on BSE. All Commission members expressed their sincere appreciation to the experts who contributed to the drafting of the report. The supporting document, which is presented at Appendix XXVIII, is circulated among Member Countries for information. snip... http://ec.europa.eu/food/international/organisations/ah_pcad_oie563207_en.pdf WHAT ABOUT BASE ??? 18 January 2007 - Draft minutes of the SEAC 95 meeting (426 KB) held on 7 snip... 64. A member noted that at the recent Neuroprion meeting, a study was Bovine Amyloid Spongiform Encephalopathy (BASE) is an atypical BSE strain 6:30 Close of Day One There is a growing number of human CJD cases, and they were presented last He estimates that it may be up to 14 or 15 persons which display selectively The second case, which was detected last year in a Texas cow and which USDA These two cases (the latest was detected in an Alabama cow) present a "The fact the Texas cow showed up fairly clearly implied the existence of Brown, who is preparing a scientific paper based on the latest two mad cow USDA officials finally retested the cow and confirmed it was infected seven "Everything they did on the Texas cow makes everything USDA did before 2005 CDC - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy and Variant Creutzfeldt ... Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Strategies to investigate the possible existence of sporadic bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) require systematic testing programs to identify cases in countries considered to have little or no risk for orally acquired disease, or to detect a stable occurrence of atypical cases in countries in which orally acquired disease is disappearing. To achieve 95% statistical confidence that the prevalence of sporadic BSE is no greater than 1 per million (i.e., the annual incidence of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease [CJD] in humans) would require negative tests in 3 million randomly selected older cattle. A link between BSE and sporadic CJD has been suggested on the basis of laboratory studies but is unsupported by epidemiologic observation. Such a link might yet be established by the discovery of a specific molecular marker or of particular combinations of trends over time of typical and atypical BSE and various subtypes of sporadic CJD, as their numbers are influenced by a continuation of current public health measures that exclude high-risk bovine tissues from the animal and human food chains. O.I.E. .......... ??? GOD HELP US! by these OIE guidelines all eventually went down with BSE. ...TSS AS i said before, OIE should hang up there jock strap now, since it appears they will buckle every time a country makes some political hay about trade protocol, commodities and futures. IF they are not going to be science based, they should do everyone a favor and dissolve there organization. ... Page 95 of 98 8/3/2006 WHAT ABOUT RISK FACTORS TO HUMANS FROM ALL OTHER TSEs, WITH RELATIONS TO a.. BSE OIE see full text ; http://p079.ezboard.com/fwolftracksproductionsfrm2.showMessage?topicID=470.topic et al for many many years, or the incompetence of these agencies are so inept, either through ignorance and or just too overweight with industry reps., they then should be all done away with and a single agency brought forth, and if not, how will you correct this ongoing problem ? http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPPDE/Comments/2006-0011/2006-0011-1.pdf http://lists.ifas.ufl.edu/cgi-bin/wa.exe?A2=ind0612&L=sanet-mg&T=0&P=20678 http://lists.ifas.ufl.edu/cgi-bin/wa.exe?A2=ind0611&L=sanet-mg&T=0&I=-3&P=3381 Subject: [Docket No. FSIS-2006-0011] FSIS Harvard Risk Assessment of Bovine it was nothing more than a legal tool to trade BSE and other strains of TSE globally, because that is exactly what has taken place. THERE WAS nothing science based about it. PLUS, the OIE has still failed to access CWD in deer and elk of what the ramifications will be if and when it is documented as a zoonotic disease. I was told some years ago (5) by an official at OIE that this would take place soon. still waiting. ... Rev. sci. tech. Off. int. Epiz., 2006, 25 (1), 83-92 A history of biological disasters of animal origin in North America http://www.oie.int/eng/publicat/rt/2501/PDF/06-ackerman83-91.pdf Risk analysis of prion diseases in animals Rev. sci. tech. Off. int. Epiz., 2003, 22 (1), 7-12 pdf This special issue of the Scientific and Technical Review returns to a topic that was first reviewed by the journal in June 1992, five years after bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) was first described and the same year that the epidemic reached its peak in the United Kingdom (UK). Although the BSE epidemic in the UK and in some other countries of Europe has subsided and entered a protracted elimination stage, the disease has been detected in fourteen other countries and has triggered some unparalleled actions to protect animal and human health. Furthermore, the repercussions of the epidemic continue to be felt throughout the world. The present review is necessary because the history of BSE is a prime example of how to deal with uncertainty and how control measures are based on the best possible knowledge at a given time. Great advances have been made in the scientific understanding of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) and prions since 1992 and have led to innovations in the diagnosis and management of these diseases. Rapid diagnostic tests are one example. Progress in the underlying science of the TSEs has been monumental since 1992. The BSE experience has shown the great value of risk analysis in guiding a rational approach to animal disease control within countries and on the world scene. Risk analysis and the resulting standards of the OIE International Animal Health Code have provided the world with benchmarks for managing the risk of BSE and at the same time maintaining trade. However, risk analysis is not static and must be informed by advances in science in order to ensure topicality, quality and validity. Hindsight may show whether the control measures flowing from risk analysis were either adequate or inadequate and proportionate or disproportionate in regard to the risks linked to BSE. The abiding lesson from BSE may, however, be the value of risk analysis as an evolving tool for dealing with certainties and uncertainties as knowledge unfolds. One of the functions of the OIE is to ensure that risk analysis and the resulting OIE Code standards do this very thing and can provide a means for harmony on animal health matters throughout the world. The present issue of the Review will provide working material not only for this hindsight but also for foresight in the form of risk assessment. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy is the archetype for a class of emerging zoonotic diseases that may arise through factors in animal husbandry. Although the effects of the disease on cattle are sufficient alone to make it a major concern, its causal link with variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in people places it on a higher plane of dread and fear compared with virtually every other disease of animals. This causal link was unclear when the Review examined the topic of the TSEs in 1992. Furthermore, BSE has cast a shadow on other contemporary TSEs in animals: scrapie in sheep and chronic wasting disease (CWD) in deer. What exactly are the public health implications from these two diseases? Deep inroads into confidence about the safety of the human food supply have been created by BSE which has led to a range of food safety laws and policies in various countries. These actions may have been necessary but it must be emphasised that ultimate and decisive control of the public health risk from BSE lies in control measures applied to animals. These control measures will be most effective if they are informed by systematic risk analysis and permanent updating of the Code. Fear and dread about BSE is said to have reduced confidence about the value of science in dealing problems in the living world. This drop in confidence may be true and the polemics surrounding BSE are unprecedented. Nevertheless, it is worthwhile reflecting upon the dire course of events if sound epidemiological investigations had not occurred in the UK, if a series of experiments to clarify key unknowns had not been initiated, if the weight of the world’s scientific research capacity had not been brought to bear on the problems, if the painstaking processes of risk assessment had not been undertaken and if there had not been well established international forums such as the OIE to co-ordinate international effort and cooperation. Progress in understanding the complexities of the biology of the TSEs has been astounding since 1992 and has shown the immense value of comparative medicine in action. As a consequence, there is a dawning hope that TSEs could be removed as a problem at some time in the future. The proviso is that current efforts are not relaxed and that the TSEs continue to be treated with the seriousness they deserve. To this end, the OIE will persist with its tasks of guaranteeing the transparency of the animal disease status world-wide, collecting, analysing and disseminating veterinary scientific information, providing expertise and promoting international solidarity for the control of animal diseases and zoonoses, while guaranteeing the sanitary safety of world trade by developing sanitary standards for international trade in animals and animal products. Bernard Vallat http://www.oie.int/eng/publicat/RT/2201/A_R2210.htm Chronic Wasting Disease http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/ vCJD USA THIRD CASE DOCUMENTED http://vcjd.blogspot.com/ BSE ATYPICAL USA http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/ SCRAPIE USA http://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/ vCJD transfusion-asso.Fourth Case UK http://vcjdtransfusion.blogspot.com/ vCJD case study highlights blood transfusion risk http://vcjdblood.blogspot.com/ Transmissible Mink Encephalopathy TME http://transmissible-mink-encephalopathy.blogspot.com/ MADCOW DISEASE USA SPONTANEOUS OR FEED ? http://madcowspontaneousnot.blogspot.com/ CREUTZFELDT JAKOB DISEASE http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/ TSS
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