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From: TSS ()
11/18/2005 CASPER - A white-tailed deer harvested in Hunt Area 9 near Newcastle has tested positive for chronic wasting disease. The disease had not previously been found in deer Hunt Area 9. The deer was harvested on a ranch southeast of Newcastle in early October. The area is open to hunting for doe and fawn deer until Nov. 30 with 200 doe/fawn licenses, according to Wyoming Game and Fish Department regulations. “It’s not a surprise that CWD was found in Hunt Area 9,” said Scott Edberg, wildlife supervisor for the Game and Fish’s Casper Region. “The disease has previously been found in the same drainage about 18 miles downstream in South Dakota, and across (U.S.) highway 16 in Hunt Area 6.” Hunt Area 9 borders the Wyoming/South Dakota state line. Edberg said area landowners are cooperating with CWD research efforts by allowing hunters to harvest antlerless deer and submit them for testing. The Game and Fish will continue to collect as many samples as possible from deer harvested in the area and killed by vehicles on adjacent highways. CWD surveillance sampling stations will be set up at the Old Mill in Newcastle and at C&A Meats in Sundance Nov. 18-20 from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. “We encourage all hunters harvesting deer in northeast Wyoming to stop by a surveillance sampling station and have their animal tested,” Edberg said. Collecting additional samples will help the Game and Fish understand how widespread the disease is in the area. In addition to the positive test in Deer Area 9, a third deer has tested positive for CWD in Hunt Area 8, southwest of Upton. Although Hunt Area 8 is considered an endemic area (the disease has already been documented in this area), there have been only two positives per year since 2003. The most recent positive sample was from a white-tailed deer. The previous positives were from mule deer. CWD is a fatal neurological disease that has been diagnosed in wild deer, elk and moose. Animals show no apparent signs of illness throughout much of the course of the disease. In terminal stages of CWD, animals typically are emaciated and display abnormal behavior. There is no confirmed link between CWD and any human illness. For more information on chronic wasting disease visit the Game and Fish Web site at http://gf.state.wy.us. (contact: Robin Kepple (307) 473-3400) -WGFD- http://gf.state.wy.us/services/news/pressreleases/05/11/18/051118_3.asp CWD FOUND IN NEW AREA IN BIG HORN BASIN 10/28/2005 THERMOPOLIS – Two mature mule deer bucks harvested in hunt area 127 immediately northwest of Thermopolis have tested positive for chronic wasting disease (CWD), a fatal brain disease that can affect all members of Wyoming’s deer family. CWD had not previously been detected in this area. Worland Wildlife Biologist Bart Kroger collected lymph nodes from the deer Oct. 17 as part of the Wyoming Game and Fish Department’s CWD surveillance effort. Both samples were tested at the department’s laboratory in Laramie and tested positive for CWD. CWD testing is a two-pronged approach, according to Cody Region Wildlife Management Coordinator Kevin Hurley. “The first test is an immunologic test called the ELISA. When a sample tests positive, it is termed a ‘presumptive positive’ until the results from a second IHC (immunohistochemistry) test is known,” Hurley said. “In nearly every case, when the ELISA turns up a presumptive positive, it is confirmed positive by the IHC.” The two samples from area 127 tested positive for first the ELISA test and then the IHC test on Oct. 28. In an effort to manage the spread of CWD and to understand how widespread it might be in an area, the department considers taking aggressive actions when cases are found in new areas. In this case, Game and Fish Deputy Director Gregg Arthur has instructed personnel in the Cody region to remove up to 50 deer within a five-mile radius of where the area 127 deer were harvested. “I have asked our Cody personnel to move forward and collect additional samples. This action is consistent with the best science and the department’s CWD Management Plan,” Arthur said. He added that surveillance in other states has shown that it may be possible to slow down the spread of CWD if new cases of CWD are identified early. According to Arthur, the additional sampling serves three purposes. First, it allows the Game and Fish to determine the prevalence of CWD in an area. Secondly, it may eliminate CWD in an area and prevent its spread to other areas. And thirdly, it may allow the Game and Fish to locate an area of infection that it can manage aggressively. “Should more positives turn up, we will expand our efforts,” Arthur said. The Game and Fish will conduct the removal harvesting both adult males and females between Oct. 27 and mid-November during daytime and nighttime hours. Research has demonstrated that samples taken from adult males and adult females are more likely to indicate if CWD is present than taking samples from younger-aged animals. All of the animals collected will be field dressed and held in cold storage until the absence or presence of CWD in each is known. The meat from deer testing negative will be donated to individuals and families in need. Carcasses testing positive will be disposed of in an approved landfill in accordance with the Game and Fish CWD transportation regulation. CWD is a fatal neurological disease that has been diagnosed in wild deer and elk in 10 states and two Canadian provinces. Animals show no apparent signs of illness throughout much of disease course. In terminal stages of CWD, animals typically are emaciated and display abnormal behavior. There is no confirmed link between CWD and any human illness. For more information on chronic wasting disease visit the Game and Fish Web site http://gf.state.wy.us (contact: Dennie Hammer or Kevin Hurley (307) 527-7125) -WGFD- http://gf.state.wy.us/services/news/pressreleases/05/10/28/051028_1.asp CWD FOUND IN DEER AND ELK IN NEW AREA SOUTH OF LARAMIE 10/21/2005 LARAMIE – The first deer and elk to test positive for chronic wasting disease in deer hunt area 77 and elk hunt area 8 south of Laramie were discovered this hunting season by the Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory and Game and Fish Department. The discovery was not surprising because CWD has been confirmed in all surrounding hunt areas in both Wyoming and Colorado, according to Bob Lanka, Game and Fish wildlife management coordinator in Laramie. Both animals testing positive south of Laramie were hunter-killed adult females. The deer was taken on Jelm Mountain Oct. 2 and the elk on Boulder Ridge very near the Colorado border Oct. 3. “Even though we expected CWD to show up in this area at some time, it is still a little disappointing when we have to add another hunt area to the list of positive areas,” Lanka said. Hank Edwards, wildlife disease specialist in charge of testing and mapping CWD data, reports his crew has examined the lymph nodes from 1,800 hunter-harvested deer and elk this fall for CWD and expects to test a total of over 4,000 samples this year. No other new area hunt areas in Wyoming have been discovered with CWD this fall. CWD is a communicable disease of the deer family caused by an abnormal protein or prion. There is no evidence that CWD can infect humans. As tests are completed the Game and Fish will keep the public informed of any other cases of CWD found in new hunt areas. (contact: Michelle Zitek (307) 745-4046) -WGFD- http://gf.state.wy.us/services/news/pressreleases/05/10/21/051021_2.asp 9/8/2005 DRAFT WYOMING GAME AND FISH DEPARTMENT CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE MANAGEMENT PLAN August 19, 2005 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION snip... http://gf.state.wy.us/downloads/pdf/CWD2005Plan8-19-05.pdf WHAT WILL cwdCJD LOOK LIKE IN HUMANS IN WYOMING ??? Subject: Interspecies Transmission of Chronic Wasting Disease Prions to 0022-538X/05/$08.00+0 doi:10.1128/JVI.79.21.13794-13796.2005 Interspecies Transmission of Chronic Wasting Disease Prions to Squirrel Received 3 May 2005/ Accepted 10 August 2005 Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is an emerging prion disease of deer and elk. * Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Medical Microbiology Deceased. Journal of Virology, November 2005, p. 13794-13796, Vol. 79, No. 21 Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory Newsletter Vol 3(#2):July, 2002 Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory 1174 Snowy Range Road, Laramie, WY 82070 TEL: (800) 442-8331 FAX: (307) 721-2051 http://wyovet.uwyo.edu/ University of Wyoming snip... Scrapie in Wyoming Scrapie infected flocks are being detected at the rate of about one per month in Wyoming. Live animal testing reveals that classical signs of scrapie (pruritis; severe weight loss) are not always present. In fact, we have detected several cases of scrapie in completely asymptomatic sheep. Practitioners should include scrapie as a rule-out whenever a progressive, debilitating illness is noted in 3 -5 year old sheep, particularly black-face breeds. Please recall that goats can be infected with scrapie, too. Wyoming requires that live scrapie suspects be reported. The USDA, in collaboration with the Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory and other state diagnostic laboratories, is doing research on scrapie infected sheep and goats. This research requires numerous tissues be collected from live suspects (e.g. eyelid biopsy, blood for genetic testing) or that freshly harvested tissues (e.g. placentomes, gut lymph nodes) be collected at necropsy. Indemnity is paid for live scrapie suspects. The USDA will provide reasonable transportation costs for clinically suspect sheep. Live suspects should be transported to Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory for necropsy and collection of samples for the USDA. Please report live clinical scrapie suspects to USDA @ 772-2186 or WLSB @ 777-7515. John Duncan http://wyovet.uwyo.edu/WSVL/archives/V3i2.pdf http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/nahps/scrapie/yearly_report/figure06.gif http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/nahps/scrapie/yearly_report/figure07.gif 1 goat scrapie case Wyoming http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/nahps/scrapie/yearly_report/figure09.gif RSSS postive samples http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/nahps/scrapie/yearly_report/figure13.gif 1: J Infect Dis 1980 Aug;142(2):205-8 Oral transmission of kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and scrapie to nonhuman primates. Gibbs CJ Jr, Amyx HL, Bacote A, Masters CL, Gajdusek DC. Kuru and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease of humans and scrapie disease of sheep and goats were transmitted to squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) that were exposed to the infectious agents only by their nonforced consumption of known infectious tissues. The asymptomatic incubation period in the one monkey exposed to the virus of kuru was 36 months; that in the two monkeys exposed to the virus of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease was 23 and 27 months, respectively; and that in the two monkeys exposed to the virus of scrapie was 25 and 32 months, respectively. Careful physical examination of the buccal cavities of all of the monkeys failed to reveal signs or oral lesions. One additional monkey similarly exposed to kuru has remained asymptomatic during the 39 months that it has been under observation. PMID: 6997404 snip... A The Present Position with respect to Scrapie Scrapie is a natural disease of sheep and goats. It is a slow The field problem has been reviewed by a MAFF working group It is clear that scrapie in sheep is important commercially and Recently the question has again been brought up as to whether Whether true or not. the hypothesis that these agents might be snip... Neurobiology * Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Service de Neurovirologie, Direction des Sciences du Vivant/Département de Recherche Medicale, Centre de Recherches du Service de Santé des Armées 60-68, Avenue du Général Leclerc, BP 6, 92 265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, 59, Boulevard Pinel, 69003 Lyon, France; § Laboratoire de Neuropathologie, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, 83, Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; ¶ Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance Unit, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom; and Institute for Animal Health, Neuropathogenesis Unit, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JF, United Kingdom Edited by D. Carleton Gajdusek, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, and approved December 7, 2000 (received for review October 16, 2000) The lesion profiles of sCJD and iCJD differed only slightly in severity of the lesions, but not in shape of the profile, revealing the identity of the causative agents. One of us reported the absence of similarity between sCJD (six cases) and U.K. scrapie (eight cases) in transmission characteristics in mice (4). Herein, we made the striking observation that the French natural scrapie strain (but not the U.S. scrapie strain) has the same lesion profile and transmission times in C57BL/6 mice as do the two human TSE strains studied. This strain "affiliation" was confirmed biochemically. There is no epidemiological evidence for a link between sheep scrapie and the occurrence of CJD in humans (25). However, such a link, if it is not a general rule, would be extremely difficult to establish because of the very low incidence of CJD as well as the existence of different isolates in humans and multiple strains in scrapie. Moreover, scrapie is transmissible to nonhuman primates (26). Thus, there is still a possibility that in some instances TSE strains infecting humans do share a common origin with scrapie, as pointed out by our findings. snip... Conclusions The risk assessment of biological products of human origin, notably those derived from blood, has been deeply modified by the appearance of vCJD. We confirm that the BSE agent has contaminated humans not only in the U.K. and the Republic of Ireland but also in France, and we show that its pathogenic properties for primates are being enhanced by a primary passage in humans. Considering the flow of potentially contaminated bovine-derived products between 1980 and 1996, it is obvious that further vCJD cases may occur outside the U.K. Thus, and in the light of the present study, it is necessary to sustain worldwide CJD surveillance regardless of national BSE incidence and to take all precautionary measures to avoid iatrogenic transmissions from vCJD. Infected and Source Flocks As of August 31, 2005, there were 115 scrapie infected and source flocks (figure 3). There were 3 new infected and source flocks reported in August (Figure 4) with a total of 148 flocks reported for FY 2005 (Figure 5). The total infected and source flocks that have been released in FY 2005 are 102 (Figure 6), with 5 flocks released in August. The ratio of infected and source flocks released to newly infected and source flocks for FY 2005 = 0.69 : snip... full text ; http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/nahps/scrapie/monthly_report/monthly-report.html Published online before print October 20, 2005 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 10.1073/pnas.0502296102 A newly identified type of scrapie agent can naturally infect sheep with resistant PrP genotypes ( sheep prion | transgenic mice ) Annick Le Dur *, Vincent Béringue *, Olivier Andréoletti , Fabienne Reine *, Thanh Lan Laï *, Thierry Baron , Bjørn Bratberg ¶, Jean-Luc Vilotte ||, Pierre Sarradin **, Sylvie L. Benestad ¶, and Hubert Laude * Scrapie in small ruminants belongs to transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), or prion diseases, a family of fatal neurodegenerative disorders that affect humans and animals and can transmit within and between species by ingestion or inoculation. Conversion of the host-encoded prion protein (PrP), normal cellular PrP (PrPc), into a misfolded form, abnormal PrP (PrPSc), plays a key role in TSE transmission and pathogenesis. The intensified surveillance of scrapie in the European Union, together with the improvement of PrPSc detection techniques, has led to the discovery of a growing number of so-called atypical scrapie cases. These include clinical Nor98 cases first identified in Norwegian sheep on the basis of unusual pathological and PrPSc molecular features and "cases" that produced discordant responses in the rapid tests currently applied to the large-scale random screening of slaughtered or fallen animals. Worryingly, a substantial proportion of such cases involved sheep with PrP genotypes known until now to confer natural resistance to conventional scrapie. Here we report that both Nor98 and discordant cases, including three sheep homozygous for the resistant PrPARR allele (A136R154R171), efficiently transmitted the disease to transgenic mice expressing ovine PrP, and that they shared unique biological and biochemical features upon propagation in mice. These observations support the view that a truly infectious TSE agent, unrecognized until recently, infects sheep and goat flocks and may have important implications in terms of scrapie control and public health. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Author contributions: H.L. designed research; A.L.D., V.B., O.A., F.R., T.L.L., J.-L.V., and H.L. performed research; T.B., B.B., P.S., and S.L.B. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; V.B., O.A., and H.L. analyzed data; and H.L. wrote the paper. A.L.D. and V.B. contributed equally to this work. To whom correspondence should be addressed. Hubert Laude, E-mail: laude@jouy.inra.fr www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.0502296102 DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR sporadic CJDs VS nvCJD ??? Coexistence of multiple PrPSc types in individuals with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Magdalini Polymenidou, Katharina Stoeck, Markus Glatzel, Martin Vey, Anne Bellon, and Adriano Aguzzi Summary Background The molecular typing of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is based on the size and glycoform ratio of protease-resistant prion protein (PrPSc), and on PRNP haplotype. On digestion with proteinase K, type 1 and type 2 PrPSc display unglycosylated core fragments of 21 kDa and 19 kDa, resulting from cleavage around amino acids 82 and 97, respectively. Methods We generated anti-PrP monoclonal antibodies to epitopes immediately preceding the differential proteinase K cleavage sites. These antibodies, which were designated POM2 and POM12, recognise type 1, but not type 2, PrPSc. Findings We studied 114 brain samples from 70 patients with sporadic CJD and three patients with variant CJD. Every patient classified as CJD type 2, and all variant CJD patients, showed POM2/POM12 reactivity in the cerebellum and other PrPSc-rich brain areas, with a typical PrPSc type 1 migration pattern. Interpretation The regular coexistence of multiple PrPSc types in patients with CJD casts doubts on the validity of electrophoretic PrPSc mobilities as surrogates for prion strains, and questions the rational basis of current CJD classifications. into debate and introduce interesting questions about human CJD types. For example, do human prion types exist in a dynamic equilibrium in the brains of affected individuals? Do they coexist in most or even all CJD cases? Is the biochemically identified PrPSc type simply the dominant type, and not the only PrPSc species? IS CJD REPORTABLE IN WYOMING ??? Wyoming Department of Health - Reportable Diseases and Conditions A report is required by law within 7 days of diagnosis (unless otherwise specified) from both the attending health care provider/hospital and the laboratory performing diagnostic testing. Send reports to: Epidemiology Section, Wyoming Department of Health, Hathaway Building - Fourth Floor, Cheyenne, Wyoming, 82002. Fax reports to our secure fax machine at (307) 777-5573 or phone to (307) 777-3593. snip... FAX Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease snip... Diseases in Red: Immediate Notification at 1-888-996-9104 to Coordinate Epidemiology and Laboratory Response FAX Reportable within 24 Hours of Diagnosis by Fax Machine or Telephone LAB Diseases in Blue: Submit an Isolate to the Public Health Laboratory (LAB = 24 Hour Notification & Lab Isolate) Send laboratory isolates according to IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations to: State Public Health Laboratory, Hathaway Building - Fifth Floor, 2300 Capitol Avenue, Cheyenne, Wyoming, 82002. Wyoming laboratories are responsible for reporting results when a reference laboratory is used. For additional epidemiology or laboratory information, please see our website at: http://wdh.state.wy.us/epiid Updated: 02/03/05lf http://wdh.state.wy.us/epiid/reportlist.pdf miracles never cease to amaze me. ... TSS
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